Which two groups adapted to the extreme cold of northern Canada by hunting marine mammals?

The Inuit and Indians adapted to the extreme cold of northern Canada by hunting marine mammals, so this answer reflects their traditional lifestyles. The Inuit, in particular, are well-known for their close relationship with the Arctic environment, which includes hunting seals, whales, and other marine life that are essential for their sustenance and cultural practices.

Inuit culture revolves around the skills needed to thrive in harsh climates, and their hunting methods are tailored to the unique challenges posed by the icy landscape. Additionally, some Indigenous groups categorized as "Indians," particularly those living in proximity to northern regions, also engaged in hunting marine mammals, though their primary subsistence practices varied widely depending on the specific geography and resources available to them.

The other groups listed, such as the Vikings and Norse, had different geographical focuses and lifestyles that did not primarily center on marine hunting in the Canadian north. The French and English primarily influenced Canadian history through colonization and trade, rather than through adapted lifestyles to extreme cold conditions. Therefore, the combination of the Inuit's specialized adaptation and the hunting practices of some Indian groups aligns with the correct choice.